nevanlinna/Nevanlinna/specialFunctions_Integral_log_sin.lean

import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Integrals
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.NegMulLog
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.CircleIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.Restrict

open scoped Interval Topology
open Real Filter MeasureTheory intervalIntegral

-- The following theorem was suggested by Gareth Ma on Zulip


lemma logsinBound : ∀ x ∈ (Set.Icc 0 1), ‖(log ∘ sin) x‖ ≤ ‖log ((π / 2)⁻¹ * x)‖ := by

  intro x hx
  by_cases h'x : x = 0
  · rw [h'x]; simp

  -- Now handle the case where x ≠ 0
  have l₀ : log ((π / 2)⁻¹ * x) ≤ 0 := by
    apply log_nonpos
    apply mul_nonneg
    apply le_of_lt
    apply inv_pos.2
    apply div_pos
    exact pi_pos
    exact zero_lt_two
    apply (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).1
    simp
    apply mul_le_one
    rw [div_le_one pi_pos]
    exact two_le_pi
    exact (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).1
    exact (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).2

  have l₁ : 0 ≤ sin x := by
    apply sin_nonneg_of_nonneg_of_le_pi (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).1
    trans (1 : ℝ)
    exact (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).2
    trans π / 2
    exact one_le_pi_div_two
    norm_num [pi_nonneg]
  have l₂ : log (sin x) ≤ 0 := log_nonpos l₁ (sin_le_one x)

  simp only [norm_eq_abs, Function.comp_apply]
  rw [abs_eq_neg_self.2 l₀]
  rw [abs_eq_neg_self.2 l₂]
  simp only [neg_le_neg_iff, ge_iff_le]

  have l₃ : x ∈ (Set.Ioi 0) := by
    simp
    exact lt_of_le_of_ne (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).1 ( fun a => h'x (id (Eq.symm a)) )

  have l₅ : 0 < (π / 2)⁻¹ * x := by
    apply mul_pos
    apply inv_pos.2
    apply div_pos pi_pos zero_lt_two
    exact l₃

  have : ∀ x ∈ (Set.Icc 0 (π / 2)), (π / 2)⁻¹ * x ≤ sin x := by
    intro x hx

    have i₀ : 0 ∈ Set.Icc 0 π :=
      Set.left_mem_Icc.mpr pi_nonneg
    have i₁ : π / 2 ∈ Set.Icc 0 π :=
      Set.mem_Icc.mpr ⟨div_nonneg pi_nonneg zero_le_two, half_le_self pi_nonneg⟩

    have i₂ : 0 ≤ 1 - (π / 2)⁻¹ * x := by
      rw [sub_nonneg]
      calc (π / 2)⁻¹ * x
      _ ≤ (π / 2)⁻¹ * (π / 2) := by
        apply mul_le_mul_of_nonneg_left
        exact (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).2
        apply inv_nonneg.mpr (div_nonneg pi_nonneg zero_le_two)
      _ = 1 := by
        apply inv_mul_cancel
        apply div_ne_zero_iff.mpr
        constructor
        · exact pi_ne_zero
        · exact Ne.symm (NeZero.ne' 2)

    have i₃ : 0 ≤ (π / 2)⁻¹ * x := by
      apply mul_nonneg
      apply inv_nonneg.2
      apply div_nonneg
      exact pi_nonneg
      exact zero_le_two
      exact (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).1

    have i₄ : 1 - (π / 2)⁻¹ * x + (π / 2)⁻¹ * x = 1 := by ring

    let B := strictConcaveOn_sin_Icc.concaveOn.2 i₀ i₁ i₂ i₃ i₄
    simp [Real.sin_pi_div_two] at B
    rw [(by ring_nf; rw [mul_inv_cancel pi_ne_zero, one_mul] : 2 / π * x * (π / 2) = x)] at B
    simpa

  apply log_le_log l₅
  apply this
  apply Set.mem_Icc.mpr
  constructor
  · exact le_of_lt l₃
  · trans 1
    exact (Set.mem_Icc.1 hx).2
    exact one_le_pi_div_two


lemma intervalIntegrable_log_sin₁ : IntervalIntegrable (log ∘ sin) volume 0 1 := by

  have int_log : IntervalIntegrable (fun x ↦ ‖log x‖) volume 0 1 := by
    apply IntervalIntegrable.norm
    rw [← neg_neg log]
    apply IntervalIntegrable.neg
    apply intervalIntegrable_deriv_of_nonneg (g := fun x ↦ -(x * log x - x))
    · exact (continuous_mul_log.continuousOn.sub continuous_id.continuousOn).neg
    · intro x hx
      norm_num at hx
      convert ((hasDerivAt_mul_log hx.left.ne.symm).sub (hasDerivAt_id x)).neg using 1
      norm_num
    · intro x hx
      norm_num at hx
      rw [Pi.neg_apply, Left.nonneg_neg_iff]
      exact (log_nonpos_iff hx.left).mpr hx.right.le


  have int_log : IntervalIntegrable (fun x ↦ ‖log ((π / 2)⁻¹ * x)‖) volume 0 1 := by

    have A := IntervalIntegrable.comp_mul_right int_log (π / 2)⁻¹
    simp only [norm_eq_abs] at A
    conv =>
      arg 1
      intro x
      rw [mul_comm]
    simp only [norm_eq_abs]
    apply IntervalIntegrable.mono A
    simp
    trans Set.Icc 0 (π / 2)
    exact Set.Icc_subset_Icc (Preorder.le_refl 0) one_le_pi_div_two
    exact Set.Icc_subset_uIcc
    exact Preorder.le_refl volume

  apply IntervalIntegrable.mono_fun' (g := fun x ↦ ‖log ((π / 2)⁻¹ * x)‖)
  exact int_log

  -- AEStronglyMeasurable (log ∘ sin) (volume.restrict (Ι 0 1))
  apply ContinuousOn.aestronglyMeasurable
  apply ContinuousOn.comp (t := Ι 0 1)
  apply ContinuousOn.mono (s := {0}ᶜ)
  exact continuousOn_log
  intro x hx
  by_contra contra
  simp at contra
  rw [contra, Set.left_mem_uIoc] at hx
  linarith
  exact continuousOn_sin

  -- Set.MapsTo sin (Ι 0 1) (Ι 0 1)
  rw [Set.uIoc_of_le (zero_le_one' ℝ)]
  exact fun x hx ↦ ⟨sin_pos_of_pos_of_le_one hx.1 hx.2, sin_le_one x⟩

  -- MeasurableSet (Ι 0 1)
  exact measurableSet_uIoc

  -- (fun x => ‖(log ∘ sin) x‖) ≤ᶠ[ae (volume.restrict (Ι 0 1))] ‖log‖
  dsimp [EventuallyLE]
  rw [MeasureTheory.ae_restrict_iff]
  apply MeasureTheory.ae_of_all
  intro x hx
  have : x ∈ Set.Icc 0 1 := by
    simp
    simp at hx
    constructor
    · exact le_of_lt hx.1
    · exact hx.2
  let A := logsinBound x this
  simp only [Function.comp_apply, norm_eq_abs] at A
  exact A

  apply measurableSet_le
  apply Measurable.comp'
  exact continuous_abs.measurable
  exact Measurable.comp' measurable_log continuous_sin.measurable
  -- Measurable fun a => |log ((π / 2)⁻¹ * a)|
  apply Measurable.comp'
  exact continuous_abs.measurable
  apply Measurable.comp'
  exact measurable_log
  exact measurable_const_mul (π / 2)⁻¹

lemma intervalIntegrable_log_sin₂ : IntervalIntegrable (log ∘ sin) volume 0 (π / 2) := by

  apply IntervalIntegrable.trans (b := 1)
  exact intervalIntegrable_log_sin₁

  -- IntervalIntegrable (log ∘ sin) volume 1 (π / 2)
  apply ContinuousOn.intervalIntegrable
  apply ContinuousOn.comp continuousOn_log continuousOn_sin
  intro x hx
  rw [Set.uIcc_of_le, Set.mem_Icc] at hx
  have : 0 < sin x := by
    apply Real.sin_pos_of_pos_of_lt_pi
    · calc 0
      _ < 1 := Real.zero_lt_one
      _ ≤ x := hx.1
    · calc x
      _ ≤ π / 2 := hx.2
      _ < π := div_two_lt_of_pos pi_pos
  by_contra h₁x
  simp at h₁x
  rw [h₁x] at this
  simp at this
  exact one_le_pi_div_two

lemma intervalIntegrable_log_sin : IntervalIntegrable (log ∘ sin) volume 0 π := by
  apply IntervalIntegrable.trans (b := π / 2)
  exact intervalIntegrable_log_sin₂
  let A := IntervalIntegrable.comp_sub_left intervalIntegrable_log_sin₂ π
  simp at A
  let B := IntervalIntegrable.symm A
  have : π - π / 2 = π / 2 := by linarith
  rwa [this] at B

lemma intervalIntegrable_log_cos : IntervalIntegrable (log ∘ cos) volume 0 (π / 2) := by
  let A := IntervalIntegrable.comp_sub_left intervalIntegrable_log_sin₂ (π / 2)
  simp only [Function.comp_apply, sub_zero, sub_self] at A
  simp_rw [sin_pi_div_two_sub] at A
  have : (fun x => log (cos x)) = log ∘ cos := rfl
  apply IntervalIntegrable.symm
  rwa [← this]


theorem logInt
  {t : ℝ}
  (ht : 0 < t) :
  ∫ x in (0 : ℝ)..t, log x = t * log t - t := by
  rw [← integral_add_adjacent_intervals (b := 1)]
  trans (-1) + (t * log t - t + 1)
  · congr
    · -- ∫ x in 0..1, log x = -1, same proof as before
      rw [integral_eq_sub_of_hasDerivAt_of_tendsto (f := fun x ↦ x * log x - x) (fa := 0) (fb := -1)]
      · simp
      · simp
      · intro x hx
        norm_num at hx
        convert (hasDerivAt_mul_log hx.left.ne.symm).sub (hasDerivAt_id x) using 1
        norm_num
      · rw [← neg_neg log]
        apply IntervalIntegrable.neg
        apply intervalIntegrable_deriv_of_nonneg (g := fun x ↦ -(x * log x - x))
        · exact (continuous_mul_log.continuousOn.sub continuous_id.continuousOn).neg
        · intro x hx
          norm_num at hx
          convert ((hasDerivAt_mul_log hx.left.ne.symm).sub (hasDerivAt_id x)).neg using 1
          norm_num
        · intro x hx
          norm_num at hx
          rw [Pi.neg_apply, Left.nonneg_neg_iff]
          exact (log_nonpos_iff hx.left).mpr hx.right.le
      · have := tendsto_log_mul_rpow_nhds_zero zero_lt_one
        simp_rw [rpow_one, mul_comm] at this
        -- tendsto_nhdsWithin_of_tendsto_nhds should be under Tendsto namespace
        convert this.sub (tendsto_nhdsWithin_of_tendsto_nhds tendsto_id)
        norm_num
      · rw [(by simp : -1 = 1 * log 1 - 1)]
        apply tendsto_nhdsWithin_of_tendsto_nhds
        exact (continuousAt_id.mul (continuousAt_log one_ne_zero)).sub continuousAt_id
    · -- ∫ x in 1..t, log x = t * log t + 1, just use integral_log_of_pos
      rw [integral_log_of_pos zero_lt_one ht]
      norm_num
  · abel
  · -- log is integrable on [[0, 1]]
    rw [← neg_neg log]
    apply IntervalIntegrable.neg
    apply intervalIntegrable_deriv_of_nonneg (g := fun x ↦ -(x * log x - x))
    · exact (continuous_mul_log.continuousOn.sub continuous_id.continuousOn).neg
    · intro x hx
      norm_num at hx
      convert ((hasDerivAt_mul_log hx.left.ne.symm).sub (hasDerivAt_id x)).neg using 1
      norm_num
    · intro x hx
      norm_num at hx
      rw [Pi.neg_apply, Left.nonneg_neg_iff]
      exact (log_nonpos_iff hx.left).mpr hx.right.le
  · -- log is integrable on [[0, t]]
    simp [Set.mem_uIcc, ht]


lemma integral_log_sin : ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..(π / 2), log (sin x) =  -log 2 * π/2 := by

  have t₀ {x : ℝ} : sin (2 * x) = 2 * sin x * cos x := sin_two_mul x

  have t₁ {x : ℝ} : log (sin (2 * x)) = log 2 + log (sin x) + log (cos x) := by
    rw [sin_two_mul x, log_mul, log_mul]
    exact Ne.symm (NeZero.ne' 2)
    sorry
    sorry
    sorry

  have t₂ {x : ℝ} : log (sin x) = log (sin (2 * x)) - log 2 - log (cos x) := by
    rw [t₁]
    ring

  conv =>
    left
    arg 1
    intro x
    rw [t₂]

  rw [intervalIntegral.integral_sub, intervalIntegral.integral_sub]
  rw [intervalIntegral.integral_const]
  rw [intervalIntegral.integral_comp_mul_left (c := 2) (f := fun x ↦ log (sin x))]
  simp
  have : 2 * (π / 2) = π := by linarith
  rw [this]

  have : ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..π, log (sin x) = 2 * ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..(π / 2), log (sin x) := by
    sorry
  rw [this]
  have : ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..(π / 2), log (sin x) = ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..(π / 2), log (cos x) := by
    sorry
  rw [← this]
  simp
  linarith

  exact Ne.symm (NeZero.ne' 2)
  -- IntervalIntegrable (fun x => log (sin (2 * x))) volume 0 (π / 2)
  sorry
  -- IntervalIntegrable (fun x => log 2) volume 0 (π / 2)
  simp
  -- IntervalIntegrable (fun x => log (sin (2 * x)) - log 2) volume 0 (π / 2)
  apply IntervalIntegrable.sub
  -- -- IntervalIntegrable (fun x => log (sin (2 * x))) volume 0 (π / 2)
  sorry
  -- -- IntervalIntegrable (fun x => log 2) volume 0 (π / 2)
  simp
  -- -- IntervalIntegrable (fun x => log (cos x)) volume 0 (π / 2)
  exact intervalIntegrable_log_cos


lemma int₁₁ : ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..π, log (4 * sin x ^ 2) = 0 := by
  sorry


lemma int₁ :
  ∫ x in (0)..(2 * π), log ‖circleMap 0 1 x - 1‖ = 0 := by

  have {x : ℝ} : log ‖circleMap 0 1 x - 1‖ = log (4 * sin (x / 2) ^ 2) / 2 := by
    dsimp [Complex.abs]
    rw [log_sqrt (Complex.normSq_nonneg (circleMap 0 1 x - 1))]
    congr
    calc Complex.normSq (circleMap 0 1 x - 1)
    _ = (cos x - 1) * (cos x - 1) + sin x * sin x := by
      dsimp [circleMap]
      rw [Complex.normSq_apply]
      simp
    _ = sin x ^ 2 + cos x ^ 2 + 1 - 2 * cos x := by
      ring
    _ = 2 - 2 * cos x := by
      rw [sin_sq_add_cos_sq]
      norm_num
    _ = 2 - 2 * cos (2 * (x / 2)) := by
      rw [← mul_div_assoc]
      congr; norm_num
    _ = 4 - 4 * Real.cos (x / 2) ^ 2 := by
      rw [cos_two_mul]
      ring
    _ = 4 * sin (x / 2) ^ 2 := by
      nth_rw 1 [← mul_one 4, ← sin_sq_add_cos_sq (x / 2)]
      ring
  simp_rw [this]
  simp

  have : ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..2 * π, log (4 * sin (x / 2) ^ 2) =  2 * ∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..π, log (4 * sin x ^ 2) := by
    have : 1 = 2 * (2 : ℝ)⁻¹ := by exact Eq.symm (mul_inv_cancel_of_invertible 2)
    nth_rw 1 [← one_mul (∫ (x : ℝ) in (0)..2 * π, log (4 * sin (x / 2) ^ 2))]
    rw [← mul_inv_cancel_of_invertible 2, mul_assoc]
    let f := fun y ↦ log (4 * sin y ^ 2)
    have {x : ℝ} : log (4 * sin (x / 2) ^ 2) = f (x / 2) := by simp
    conv =>
      left
      right
      right
      arg 1
      intro x
      rw [this]
    rw [intervalIntegral.inv_mul_integral_comp_div 2]
    simp
  rw [this]
  simp
  exact int₁₁